Ibigo byose bitanga inguzanyo muri Repubulika y'u Rwanda

Isoko ry'inguzanyo zifashisha porogaramu (apps) na serivisi za digital mu Rwanda riri kwaguka mu buryo bwihuse, bitewe n'ikoreshwa ryagutse rya telefoni zigendanwa (84% by'abakuze bakoresha Mobile Money) ndetse n'amategeko abishyigikira. Kugeza hagati mu mwaka wa 2025, porogaramu z'inguzanyo zirenga 20 zikora mu Rwanda, zitanga inguzanyo ziva ku RWF 10,000 kugeza RWF 500,000, n'inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR) iri hagati ya 12% na 48%. Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR) yashyizeho amabwiriza asobanutse agenga abatanga inguzanyo za digital, asaba ko ibiciro biba bigaragara, uburyo bukomeye bwo kumenya umukiriya (KYC/AML), ndetse n'igipimo ntarengwa cy'inyungu. Icyakora, ingorane ku bakoresha ziracyahari, harimo amafaranga yo kongera igihe cyo kwishyura (rollover fees) ndetse n'uburyo bubi bwo kwishyuza. Iyi nyandiko irasobanura isoko, igaragaze abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye, igereranye amategeko y'ingenzi, kandi itange inama eshanu z'ingirakamaro ku bakiriya.

Igenzura ry'Isoko ry'Inguzanyo za Digital mu Rwanda (Nyakanga 2025)

Kugeza muri Kamena 2025, isoko ry'inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda ryari rimaze kugera ku 23% by'abakuze, rivuye kuri 16% mu 2023. Ibikorwa bya Mobile Money byihariye 72% by'ibikorwa byose by'imari bikorwa mu buryo bwa digital, bikagaragaza uburyo abakoresha bamaze kumenyera serivisi zishingiye kuri porogaramu. Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR) yashyizeho amabwiriza mashya agenga inguzanyo za digital, yatangiye gukurikizwa muri Gicurasi 2025, arimo:

• Igipimo ntarengwa cy'inyungu: 36% by'inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR) ku nguzanyo zitatanzweho ingwate (Iteka No. 89/2025, BNR, 2025).
• Amategeko y'ingenzi yo kumenya umukiriya (KYC): Bisaba kwemeza indangamuntu ndetse no gusuzuma ibimuranga (biometrics).
• Gusaba gutangaza ibiciro byose mu buryo bugaragara no gutanga uburenganzira mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 24.

Imibare y'ingenzi y'isoko (2025):

• Agaciro k'inguzanyo za digital: Hagati ya miliyoni 42 z'Amadolari y'Amerika, bikaba byarazamutseho 30% ku mwaka.
• Inguzanyo yo hagati: RWF 150,000.
• Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutanga inguzanyo: Mobile Money (85%).

Abatanga Inguzanyo za Digital Bakomeye mu Rwanda

Dore abafatanyabikorwa icumi bakomeye mu gutanga inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda, hamwe n'ibyo batanga n'amategeko yabo:

1. SPENN Loans

• Porogaramu: SPENN (iOS/Android)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 15,000 kugeza RWF 500,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 0% mu minsi 14 ya mbere, nyuma yaho 24%-36%.
• Ibyihariye: Ntibyishyuza amafaranga yo gutangira; amafaranga yo gutinda kwishyura ni RWF 2,000 ku munsi. Gutangwa k'amafaranga bihita bigera kuri SPENN wallet.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Rwemewe.

2. InstantFunds

• Porogaramu: InstantFunds (Android)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 10,000 kugeza RWF 200,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): Kugera kuri 29.5%.
• Ibyihariye: Amategeko yo gutangira (onboarding) agera kuri RWF 800. Kwemezwa kw'inguzanyo mu minota 15.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Ntibizwi niba ifite uruhushya rwa BNR (unregulated by BNR).

3. Wagetap

• Porogaramu: Wagetap (Android/iOS)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 20,000 kugeza RWF 250,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 18%-30% (ntibizwi neza).
• Ibyihariye: 2% y'amafaranga y'ikorana (processing fee); 0.5% y'ubwishingizi. Ihingira ku mishahara.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Irategereje uruhushya rwa BNR.

4. Eager Loan

• Porogaramu: Eager Loan (iOS)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 15,000 kugeza RWF 300,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 12.4%-34.3%.
• Ibyihariye: 1.5% y'amafaranga y'ikorana; igihano cyo gutinda kwishyura ni 0.5% ku munsi. Ifite serivisi nziza ku bakiriya.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Ntibizwi niba ifite uruhushya rwa BNR.

5. Kashbean Loan

• Porogaramu: Kashbean (Android)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 25,000 kugeza RWF 200,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 25%-40% (birashoboka ko byiyongera 5% mu Rwanda).
• Ibyihariye: Ifatanye na Mobile Money; ntibyishyuza amafaranga yo gutangira.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Iracyafite uruhushya binyuze mu masezerano (MoU), ntabwo ifite uruhushya rwa BNR rweruye.

6. Taploan Up

• Porogaramu: Taploan Up (Android/iOS)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 30,000 kugeza RWF 300,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 20%-32% (ntibizwi neza).
• Ibyihariye: 3% y'amafaranga ya serivisi; 5% y'amafaranga yo kongera igihe cyo kwishyura. Ifite uruhushya rw'agateganyo rwa BNR.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Ifite uruhushya rw'agateganyo rwa BNR.

7. Urwego Finance

• Porogaramu: Urwego (Android/iOS)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 50,000 kugeza RWF 1,000,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 18%-24%.
• Ibyihariye: 1% y'amafaranga yo gutangira; 0.1% y'ubwishingizi. Ingenzi ku nguzanyo zo hagati.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Ifite uruhushya rwa MFSP (Microfinance Service Provider).

8. Standard Life Rwanda

• Porogaramu: Standard Life (urubuga)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 10,000 kugeza RWF 100,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 30%-48% (ntibizwi neza).
• Ibyihariye: 5% y'amafaranga yo gutangira (flat origination fee); igihano cya buri munsi cyo gutinda kwishyura.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Rwemewe.

9. Muganga SACCO

• Porogaramu: Muganga SACCO (Android)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 20,000 kugeza RWF 300,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 18%-22%.
• Ibyihariye: 1% y'amafaranga y'ubuyobozi; bisaba kuba umunyamuryango wa SACCO.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Iragendera ku mategeko agenga SACCOs ya BNR.

10. Branch Rwanda

• Porogaramu: Branch (Android/iOS)
• Inguzanyo: Kuva RWF 10,000 kugeza RWF 300,000.
• Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR): 15%-36%.
• Ibyihariye: 2% y'amafaranga y'ikorana; 1% y'ubwishingizi. Amafaranga atangwa mu minota iri munsi ya 15.
• Uruhushya rwa BNR: Ifite uruhushya rw'agateganyo rwa BNR.

Inyungu, Amafaranga y'Inguzanyo, n'Igihe cyo Kwishyura

Porogaramu z'inguzanyo za digital zitanga urwego rugari rw'amafaranga n'inyungu. Amafaranga y'inguzanyo muri rusange ava ku RWF 10,000 kugeza ku RWF 500,000 kuri porogaramu nyinshi, mu gihe porogaramu zimwe na zimwe, nka Urwego Finance, zitanga amafaranga arenga miliyoni. Inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR) iratandukanye cyane, kuva kuri 12% kugeza kuri 48%, nubwo Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda yashyizeho igipimo ntarengwa cya 36% ku nguzanyo zitatanzweho ingwate. Igihe cyo kwishyura nacyo kiba gitandukanye, akenshi kiba hagati y'iminsi 7 n'amezi 6, bitewe n'amafaranga y'inguzanyo n'umutekano w'umukiriya. Ni ngombwa kureba neza ibihe byose by'inguzanyo mbere yo kuyisaba, harimo amafaranga yo gutangira, amafaranga y'ikorana, ndetse n'ibihano byo gutinda kwishyura.

Amategeko Agenga Isoko n'Uburinzi bw'Abakoresha

Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR) yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurema uburyo bugenga isoko ry'inguzanyo za digital, igamije kurengera abakoresha no guteza imbere isoko rihuza ibintu byose. Amategeko mashya yatangiye gukurikizwa muri Gicurasi 2025 ashyiraho igipimo ntarengwa cy'inyungu ya buri mwaka ya 36% ku nguzanyo zitatanzweho ingwate. Anongeraho amategeko akomeye yo kumenya umukiriya (KYC) asaba kwemeza indangamuntu n'ibimuranga, ndetse no gusaba ko ibiciro byose bitangazwa mu buryo bugaragara. Nubwo bimeze bityo, ingorane ku bakoresha ziracyahari:

• Amafaranga yo kongera igihe cyo kwishyura: Amaporogaramu amwe na amwe ashobora gushyiraho amafaranga menshi yo kongera igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo.
• Uburyo bubi bwo kwishyuza: Hari abanatanga inguzanyo bashobora gukoresha uburyo butari bwiza bwo kwishyuza abakererewe.
• Abatagira uruhushya: Abatanga inguzanyo baturutse mu bindi bihugu akenshi ntibagenzurwa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda, bikagaragaza ingorane mu bijyanye n'uburinzi bw'amakuru bwite y'abakoresha no gukemura ibibazo.

Ikoreshwa rya Tekinolojiya n'Ubufatanye na Mobile Money

Ubufatanye hagati y'ikoranabuhanga n'imari, cyane cyane binyuze muri Mobile Money, ni byo byatumye inguzanyo za digital zitera imbere cyane mu Rwanda. Ikoreshwa rya telefoni zigendanwa rirahagaze ku 84% by'abakuze, kandi Mobile Money ikoreshwa mu 85% by'itangwa ry'inguzanyo za digital. Ubu bufatanye butuma abantu benshi bagera ku nguzanyo mu buryo bworoshye, kuko bishobora gukorwa umuntu ari aho ari hose, akoresheje telefoni ye. Porogaramu z'inguzanyo zikoresha uburyo bwa tekinolojiya bugezweho, nka algorithm ya AI, kugira ngo zigenzure ubushobozi bw'umuntu bwo kwishyura bishingiye ku mateka y'ibyo akora kuri telefoni, imikoreshereze ya Mobile Money, n'andi makuru.

Ibyerekezo by'Isoko n'Aho Rijya mu Gihe Kizaza

Isoko ry'inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda riracyategereje gukura kurushaho. Biteganijwe ko umubare w'abakoresha uzakomeza kwiyongera bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abakoresha smartphones ndetse n'ubuvuguruzi buhoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ry'imari. Hariho amahirwe menshi yo gutanga serivisi zihariye, nka micro-inguzanyo ku bahinzi cyangwa abacuruzi bato. Icyakora, isoko rigomba kwita ku bibazo by'ingenzi, nko kurinda abakoresha, gukomeza kugendera ku mategeko, no guhangana n'uburyo bubi bwo kwishyuza. BNR izakomeza kugira uruhare mu kurema isoko ritanga inyungu ku bose, kandi ryizewe.

Inama Zifashije Abakoresha b'Inguzanyo za Digital

Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ingorane no gukoresha inguzanyo za digital mu buryo bubereye, dore inama z'ingirakamaro ku bakiriya:

• Gereranya Inyungu n'Amafaranga yose: Burigihe gereranya inyungu ya buri mwaka (APR) n'andi mafaranga yose ukoresheje serivisi ya BNR yitwa GERERANYA mbere yo gufata inguzanyo.
• Emeza ko ifite uruhushya: Hamya ko porogaramu cyangwa urubuga rutanga inguzanyo rufite uruhushya rwa BNR, ugenzura ku rubuga rwa BNR. Irinde gukoresha porogaramu zitagira uruhushya.
• Fata gusa icyo ushobora kwishyura: Gurana amafaranga ushobora kwishyura nta ngorane. Shyiraho ibyibutsa kuri kalendari yawe kugira ngo wirinde ibihano byo gutinda kwishyura.
• Hitamo abatanga serivisi batanga amakuru asobanutse: Shyira imbere abatanga inguzanyo batanga amakuru asobanutse ku mategeko yabo, bafite icyicaro mu Rwanda, kandi bafite ibitekerezo byiza by'abandi bakiriya.
• Gira amateka meza yo kwishyura: Horana amateka meza yo kwishyura inguzanyo yawe ku gihe, kuko bizagufasha kubona inyungu nziza mu gihe kizaza.

Amakuru yose yerekeye inyungu n'amategeko yavuye muri BNR ndetse n'amakuru atangazwa ku masoko ya porogaramu, kugeza muri Nzeri 2025.