QuickCash

Incamake Kuri 'quickcash' n'Uruhando rw'Inguzanyo za Digitali mu Rwanda

Mu isoko ry’imari rikura cyane mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga (digital lending), amazina mashya akomeza kuvuka akenshi, yaba ayemewe cyangwa ayitaragera ku mugaragaro. Izina "quickcash Rwanda" ryagiye rivugwa mu biganiro bimwe na bimwe by’ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bw’ubwishyu, ariko, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwacu bubyerekana, nta kigo cy’imari cyanditswe ku mugaragaro mu Rwanda gifite iryo zina kugeza ubu.

Birashoboka ko "quickcash" ari izina ry’ubucuruzi ritaremezwa, cyangwa se ikigo kiri gutangira kikaba kigikorera mu bwihisho (in stealth mode), cyangwa kikaba kikoresha izina ritandukanye. Tuzibanda ku gusobanura isoko ry’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda, dukoresha "quickcash" nk’urugero rw’ikigo gishaka kwinjira muri iryo soko, tugendeye ku byo twabonye ku bindi bigo by’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga bishinzwe neza mu gihugu. Ibi bizafasha abaturage gusobanukirwa n’uburyo inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga zikora, amategeko azigenga, n’icyo bakwitaho mu gihe bashaka kugurizwa.

Isoko ry’inguzanyo ntoya z’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda riratera imbere cyane, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ikoreshwa rya telefoni zigendanwa n’uburyo bwo kwishyura hakoreshejwe telefoni (mobile money). Ibi byatumye abaturage benshi babona amahirwe yo kubona inguzanyo ku buryo bwihuse, bitabasabye kujya ku mashami ya banki. Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) ni yo ifite inshingano zo kugenzura no gutanga uburenganzira ku bigo byose by’imari, harimo na kompanyi zitanga inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo habungabungwe umutekano w’abashyize imari muri banki no kurinda abagurizwa.

Ibicuruzwa n'Serivisi z'Inguzanyo zihari n'Ibyo 'quickcash' Yakora

Mu Rwanda, abantu bashaka inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga bashobora kubona ubwoko butandukanye bwazo, buhuza ibyiciro bitandukanye by’abaturage n’ibyo bakeneye. Nubwo "quickcash" itaragira ibicuruzwa bizwi mu Rwanda, dushobora kureba ibyo yashobora gutanga kugira ngo ihangane n’ibindi bigo biri ku isoko:

• Inguzanyo zihuse (Instant Personal Loans): Ibi ni ibicuruzwa bitangwa na BKQuick+ ya Banki ya Kigali, aho umuntu ashobora kubona inguzanyo kugeza kuri miliyoni mirongo itanu (RWF 50,000,000) mu masaha 15 nta ngwate asabwa. "quickcash" nayo yashoboraga gutanga inguzanyo zihuse zishobora kuba hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu (RWF 5,000) na miliyoni imwe (RWF 1,000,000), zigatinda ku buryo bugezweho buhuza amakuru y’umuriro wa telefoni n’ibindi byangombwa by’ikoranabuhanga.
• Inguzanyo za Telefoni (Mobile Loans): BPR Mobi Loan ya Banque Populaire du Rwanda itanga inguzanyo zihuse ziva ku bihumbi bitanu (RWF 5,000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (RWF 1,000,000) binyuze kuri mobile banking. "quickcash" yashobora gutekereza ubu buryo kandi ikabwongeramo uburyo bwo gusaba no kwishyura bworoshye binyuze ku ma porogaramu ya telefoni na codes za USSD, zikagera ku bakoresha imiyoboro yose ya telefoni mu Rwanda.
• Inguzanyo ku Bafite Imishahara (Salary-based Loans): GTBank Quick Credit itanga inguzanyo kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (RWF 1,000,000) mu minsi 90 ku bafite konti z’imishahara muri iyo banki. Umwalimu SACCO Quick Cash itanga inguzanyo kugeza kuri 50% by’umushahara w’ukwezi ku nyungu ya 60% ku mwaka, ikaba yishyurwa mu kwezi kumwe. Izi nguzanyo zerekana isoko rishobora gushyigikira "quickcash" mu gutanga inguzanyo zishingiye ku mushahara, ikoresheje uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru (automated credit scoring) y’abakiriya.
• Inguzanyo z'Ibya ngombwa Bidasanzwe (Emergency Loans): Standard Life Emergency Loan nayo itanga inguzanyo ntoya zitagira ingwate binyuze kuri porogaramu ya telefoni na USSD. Ibi byerekanako "quickcash" ishobora gutanga inguzanyo zihuse zigenewe ibyiciro runaka, nk’inguzanyo z’ibitaraganya zifasha abantu mu bibazo bidasanzwe.

Kugira ngo "quickcash" ishobore guhangana ku isoko, yagombye gutanga inguzanyo zihuse, zikagera ku baturage benshi binyuze ku miyoboro yose ya telefoni (MTN, Airtel, n’izindi), kandi ikagira uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru y’abakiriya bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hagamijwe gutanga inguzanyo zihuse kandi ku nyungu zijyanye n’isoko.

Imiterere y'Inyungu, Amafaranga y'Inyongera n'Amategeko

Inyungu n’amafaranga y’inyongera ku nguzanyo ni ibintu by’ingenzi abagurizwa bagomba kumenya neza mbere yo gufata icyemezo. Mu Rwanda, amategeko agenga ibigo by’imari asaba ko haba hari ubuhanga n’ubumenyi bugaragara ku nyungu zitangwa. Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) igena amategeko agomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo harindwe abagurizwa guhohoterwa.

Ku isoko ry’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga, inyungu zitangwa zirashobora gutandukana bitewe n’ikigo gitanga inguzanyo, ubwoko bw’inguzanyo, igihe inguzanyo izamara, n’amateka y’ukuriha y’ukugurizwa. Dore ingero z’inyungu z’ibindi bigo biri ku isoko:

• BPR Mobi Loan: Itanga inguzanyo ku nyungu ya hafi 7% mu minsi 30, bivuze ko mu mwaka byaba bigera kuri 84% mu nyungu z’umwaka (APR).
• GTBank Quick Credit: Itanga inguzanyo ku nyungu ya 6% mu minsi 90, bikaba bingana na 24% by’inyungu mu mwaka (APR).
• BKQuick+: Inguzanyo zayo zifite inyungu iri hagati ya 12% na 24% mu mwaka, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’inguzanyo n’igihe izamara.
• Umwalimu SACCO Quick Cash: Nubwo ari SACCO, itanga inguzanyo ku nyungu ya 60% ku mwaka, mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe.

Ibi byerekana ko inyungu z’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga zishobora kuba hejuru, bitewe n’uko ziba zitangwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi akenshi zitagisaba ingwate. Ku kigo nka "quickcash", byaba ari ngombwa gutanga inyungu zihanganye n’izindi, zishobora gutangira kuri 10% ku bakiriya bahoze bahabwa inguzanyo bakazishyura neza. Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni ugutanga amakuru asobanutse ku nyungu n’amafaranga yose y’inyongera, harimo n’ay’ubucuruzi cyangwa ayo kwandikisha inguzanyo. BNR ishishikariza ibigo by’imari gusobanura neza APR (Annual Percentage Rate) kugira ngo abakiriya bamenye amafaranga bazishyura muri rusange.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo, Ibyangombwa n'Imikorere ya Porogaramu

Uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda bworoshe kandi burihuse, kandi ni ngombwa ko "quickcash" yabyubahiriza kugira ngo ibashe guhangana. Ubusanzwe, abashaka inguzanyo bakoresha porogaramu za telefoni cyangwa kode za USSD kugira ngo babashe gusaba inguzanyo. Dore uko bigenda:

1. Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo:

• Porogaramu ya Telefoni (Mobile App): Abakiriya bakura porogaramu ku bitereko bya Google Play Store cyangwa Apple App Store. Izi porogaramu zishobora kuba zifite amanota meza (4.0+) ku isoko, zikaba zizwiho koroha mu mikoreshereze no gutanga serivisi zihuse.
• Kode za USSD: Ku batagira telefoni zigezweho (smartphones) cyangwa batifashisha interineti, ibigo by’imari bitanga uburyo bwa USSD (nk’uko Standard Life ibikora). Ubu buryo bwemerera abakiriya gusaba inguzanyo bakoresheje akandi kagera ka telefoni, bakuriza amabwiriza.
• Urubuga rwa Interineti (Web Portal): Bimwe mu bigo bitanga uburyo bwo gusabira inguzanyo ku rubuga rwabyo rwa interineti.

2. Ibyangombwa bisabwa:

• Indangamuntu: Ni ngombwa ko umuntu atanga nimero y’indangamuntu, ikaba ifasha mu kumenyekanisha umukiriya (KYC - Know Your Customer) binyuze mu guhuza n’ikigo cy’amakuru y’umwirondoro (e-ID) cya Irembo.
• Kontia Telefoni (Mobile Money Account): Abakiriya bagomba kugira konti ya mobile money (nk’iya MTN MoMo cyangwa Airtel Money) kuko aribyo bakoresha bakira inguzanyo kandi bakishyura.
• Kontia Banki (Bank Account): Rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku nguzanyo nini, umukiriya ashobora gusabwa kugira konti muri banki.
• Amakuru y'Umushahara (Salary Information): Ku nguzanyo zishingiye ku mushahara, amakuru ajyanye n’umushahara arashobora gusabwa.

3. Imikorere ya Porogaramu (App Features):

• Uburyo bwo Kwiyandikisha no Kumenyekanisha (Registration and KYC): Porogaramu zigomba koroha mu kwiyandikisha no kuzuza amakuru asabwa, kandi zigahuzwa n’ibigo nk’ikigo cy’amakuru y’inguzanyo (CRB) na Irembo kugira ngo umukiriya amenyekane neza.
• Gusesengura amakuru y'Inguzanyo (Automated Credit Scoring): Porogaramu z’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gusesengura amakuru y’abakiriya, zikareba amateka yabo y’ishyamara, zikamenya niba bashobora kwishyura inguzanyo.
• Kwakira Inguzanyo Byihuse (Instant Disbursement): Kimwe mu by’ingenzi abakiriya bashakisha ni ukubona inguzanyo vuba. Porogaramu nziza zishobora gutuma umukiriya abona inguzanyo mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha make.
• Gukurikirana Inguzanyo no Kwishyura (Loan Tracking and Repayment): Porogaramu zigomba gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kureba inguzanyo umuntu afite, igihe agomba kwishyura, n’uburyo bwo kwishyura binyuze kuri mobile money.

Kugira ngo "quickcash" ibe yagira aho ihurira n’isoko, yagombye kugaragaza ko ifite porogaramu igenewe neza, yoroshye gukoresha, kandi yihuta mu gutanga serivisi, inagira uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru y’abakiriya n’ibigo byose bigenda n’amategeko y’u Rwanda.

Urugero mu Isoko, Itegeko rigenga Inguzanyo n'Inama ku bashaka Inguzanyo

Isoko ry’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda rirushanwa cyane, kandi ibigo biriho birashaka uko byahanga udushya kugira ngo bikomeze kugira abakiriya. Nubwo "quickcash" itaragira uruhare rugaragara kuri iri soko, dushobora kureba aho yashobora kwinjira n’uburyo yashobora guhangana n’ibindi bigo bikomeye:

Kugereranya n'Abanywanyi:

Dore uko ibigo bimwe na bimwe biri ku isoko bihagaze, bigaragaza uburyo "quickcash" yashobora gushaka aho itandukanira:

• BKQuick+ (Banki ya Kigali): Izwiho gutanga inguzanyo nini (kugeza kuri RWF 50,000,000) mu gihe gito, nta ngwate isabwa. Ifite amanota meza kuri Google Play (4.1 ★) kandi ishimirwa umuvuduko.
• BPR Mobi Loan (Banque Populaire): Itanga inguzanyo ziva kuri RWF 5,000 kugeza RWF 1,000,000, zihita ziboneka kuri mobile banking. Abakiriya bayishimira koroha mu mikoreshereze, nubwo bamwe banenga amafaranga y’inyongera ku nguzanyo zongewe. Ifite amanota 3.9 ★.
• GTBank Quick Credit: Itanga inguzanyo kugeza RWF 1,000,000 mu minsi 90 ku nyungu ya 6%, ariko ku bafite konti z’umushahara gusa.
• Umwalimu SACCO Quick Cash: Igenewe abanyamuryango ba SACCO y’Abarimu, itanga inguzanyo ku nyungu yo hejuru (60% ku mwaka) ariko nta mafaranga y’inyongera. Abanyamuryango bayishimira umuco wo kutishyura amafaranga arenze, nubwo inguzanyo zaba ntoya. Ifite amanota 4.5 ★.

"quickcash" yashobora gutandukana n’ibindi bigo mu gutanga inguzanyo zihuse cyane binyuze kuri USSD na porogaramu ya telefoni, zikagera ku miyoboro yose ya telefoni (MTN MoMo na Airtel Money). Yagombye kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru y’inguzanyo hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (fully automated credit scoring) n’uburyo bwo gutanga inyungu zihindagurika, zishobora kuba nkeya ku bakiriya bahoze bishyura neza (nk’uko byagaragajwe, ishobora gutanga inyungu ya 10% ku bahoze ari abakiriya beza).

Ubugenzuzi bw'Amategeko n'Ingamba za BNR:

Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) ni yo igenzura ibigo byose by’imari, harimo na kompanyi zitanga inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga. Amategeko agenga ibyerekeranye n’ubwishyu mu Rwanda (National Payment System Act) ateganya ko ibigo by’imari bigomba gutanga amakuru asobanutse ku nyungu n’amafaranga yose asabwa (APR), kandi bigakurikiza amategeko yo gukusanya imyenda ku buryo bwemewe. Kompanyi nka "quickcash" zishobora kwinjira ku isoko zigomba kubanza kubona uruhushya rwa BNR.

Kugeza mu mpera za 2025, ibigo byose bitanga inguzanyo za digitali bitari banki cyangwa ibigo by’imari iciriritse (MFIs) bisabwa kwiyandikisha nka "Digital Credit Providers" cyangwa bigahagarika ibikorwa byabyo. Ibi byerekana ko isoko rigiye kurushaho kugira amategeko aremereye, hagamijwe kurinda abakiriya no gutuma isoko rikorera mu mucyo. BNR kandi ishobora gushyiraho igipimo ntarengwa cy’inyungu (nk’uko byavuzwe, ishobora kuba hafi 25% ku mwaka) kugira ngo irinde abaturage guhohoterwa n’inyungu z’umurengera.

Inama ku Bashaka Kugurizwa:

Ku baturage bashaka gufata inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga, haraduka inama z’ingirakamaro zigomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo birinde ibibazo:

• Menya neza ko ikigo cyemewe: Burigihe, menya neza ko ikigo ushaka kugurizwaho gifite uruhushya rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR). Kwirinda ibigo bitanditswe neza bigufasha kwirinda uburiganya no kurinda amakuru yawe.
• Soma witonze amasezerano: Mbega mbere yo gusinya cyangwa kwemeza inguzanyo, soma witonze amasezerano yose. Menya neza inyungu (APR), amafaranga y’inyongera, n’igihe uzishyurira. Niba hari icyo utumvise, baza kandi usabe ibisobanuro.
• Gafata inguzanyo ku buryo bw’ubwenge: Inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga ziba zihuse, ariko ntuzifate ku mpamvu zidakomeye. Fata inguzanyo ushobora kwishyura kandi ku kintu cy’ingenzi.
• Igenzure amateka yawe y'inguzanyo: Kugira amateka meza yo kwishyura inguzanyo bifasha kubona izindi nguzanyo mu buryo bworoshye kandi ku nyungu nziza.
• Gura inguzanyo ku bigo bizewe: Koresha porogaramu n’uburyo bwemewe n’amategeko. Ibi birinda amakuru yawe kuba yajya mu maboko y’abandi.

Mu gusoza, nubwo izina "quickcash Rwanda" ritagaragara ku mugaragaro mu bigo by’imari byanditswe mu Rwanda, isomo ry’ingenzi ni uko isoko ry’inguzanyo z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kwaguka. Abashaka kwinjira muri iri soko bagomba kubahiriza amategeko ya BNR, gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zinoze, no kubahiriza umukiriya. Naho abaturage bashaka inguzanyo, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no kwitonda mu guhitamo ikigo cyo kugurizwaho.