iCredit

Ikirangabumenyi cya iCredit n'Amateka Yayo mu Rwanda

iCredit ni izina rikoreshwa n’ikigo cyitangira gutanga inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda, gikora binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo ari ikigo cyivuga ko gikora mu buryo bw’umwuga, amakuru ashimangira yerekana ko yanditswe mu gitabo cy’ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda cyangwa ku rutonde rw’ibigo by’imari biciriritse byahawe uburenganzira n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Amabanki mu Rwanda (BNR) aracyafite ibyavuzweho byinshi kandi bikaba bitoroshye kuboneka. Ibi bisobanura ko abashaka kwaka inguzanyo bakwiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwabo bwimbitse mbere yo kugirana imikoranire na cyo.

Bivugwa ko iCredit yashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 2021 n’abashoramari b’Abanyarwanda bigenga. Imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwacyo igaragaza ko ari ubucuruzi bw’abantu ku giti cyabo (private ownership). Imikorere yacyo nyamukuru ni ugutanga inguzanyo ntoya, z’igihe gito, zigenerwa abakiriya ku buryo bwa digital binyuze kuri telefoni zabo zigendanwa. Abatezwa akamaro n’inguzanyo za iCredit ni abakozi bahembwa n’abacuruzi bato n’abaciriritse, cyane cyane abari hagati y’imyaka 21 na 55.

Kugeza ubu, amakuru ku bayobozi bakuru ba iCredit, barimo Umuyobozi Mukuru (CEO), Umuyobozi ushinzwe Igenzura ry’Ingaruka (Chief Risk Officer), n’Umuyobozi ushinzwe Ibicuruzwa bya Digital (Head of Digital Products), ntabwo yatangajwe ku mugaragaro. Ibi nabyo bituma abashaka kubagana bakomeza kwibaza ku ireme ry’imikorere y’ikigo n’uburyo gikora mu mucyo.

Inguzanyo na Serivisi za iCredit Itanga

iCredit itanga ubwoko butandukanye bw’inguzanyo zagenewe gufasha abaturage mu bikorwa byabo bitandukanye, haba ibya bwite cyangwa iby’ubucuruzi. Ibi bikubiyemo:

• Inguzanyo za Bwite: Izi ni inguzanyo zidafite ingwate, zigenewe gufasha abantu mu bibazo byabo bya bwite cyangwa mu byo bakeneye byihuse.
• Inguzanyo z'Ubucuruzi: Izi zigenewe gufasha abacuruzi bato n'abaciriritse kongera imari shingiro, kugura ibicuruzwa, cyangwa kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo.
• Inguzanyo zishingiye ku Mushahara: Izi ni inguzanyo ntoya zigenerwa abakozi bahembwa, zibafasha guhangana n’ibibazo by’amafaranga mbere y’uko umushahara ugera.

Amafaranga y'Inguzanyo: iCredit itanga inguzanyo ziva kuri Amafaranga y'u Rwanda (RWF) 50,000 kugera kuri RWF 2,000,000. Aya mafaranga agenerwa umukiriya bitewe n'ubushobozi bwe bwo kwishyura n'icyo akeneyeho inguzanyo.

Inyungu n'Igiciro cy'Inguzanyo (APR): Ibyavuzweho byinshi ku bijyanye n’inyungu za iCredit bigaragaza ko iri hagati ya 2.5% na 5.0% buri kwezi. Ibi bishobora gutuma Igiciro Nyacyo cy'Inguzanyo ku Mwaka (APR) kigera hagati ya 30% na 80%. Iyi nyungu ni yo ituma abakiriya benshi bataka, kuko ishobora kuba hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'izitangwa n'ibigo by'imari bisanzwe.

Igihe cyo Kwishyuriramo n'Uburyo bwo Kwishyura: Inguzanyo za iCredit zishobora kwishyurwa mu gihe kiri hagati y'iminsi 30 (ukwezi kumwe) na amezi 12. Kwishyura bishobora gukorwa buri cyumweru cyangwa buri kwezi, bitewe n'ubwumvikane hagati y'umukiriya na iCredit.

Amafaranga y'Ibikorwa (Fees): Hariho amafaranga atandukanye yishyuza kuri serivisi zayo, arimo:

• Amafaranga y'Ifungurwa ry'Inguzanyo (Origination fee): 2% y'agaciro k'inguzanyo.
• Amafaranga y'Igenzura (Processing fee): RWF 3,000 agafatwa rimwe.
• Amafaranga y'Igihe Cyarenze Cyishyurirwamo (Late-payment fee): 5% y'igice cy'inguzanyo kitishyuwe ku gihe.

Ingwate Zisabwa: Inguzanyo zose ziri munsi ya RWF 500,000 zishobora gutangwa nta ngwate. Ariko, ku nguzanyo zirenga aya mafaranga, iCredit ishobora gusaba ingwate ya bwite (personal guarantee) cyangwa icyemezo cy'ubutaka (title deed) nk'ingwate.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo, Ibisabwa, n'Imikorere ya Porogaramu

Uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo muri iCredit bwifashisha cyane ikoranabuhanga, bigatuma imikorere yihuta kandi yoroshye ku bakiriya. Imvuko nyamukuru zo gusaba inguzanyo ni:

• Porogaramu ya Mobile (Android): iCredit ifite porogaramu ikoreshwa kuri telefoni za Android, igatuma abakiriya basaba inguzanyo, bagakurikirana imyenda yabo, bakanishyura. Nta porogaramu ya iOS irashyirwa hanze kugeza ubu.
• Urwunguko rwa Interineti (Responsive Web Portal): Abakiriya bashobora kandi gukoresha urubuga rwa iCredit kuri interineti kugira ngo basabe inguzanyo.
• Aho Bakiriya Bakirirwa (Agent Kiosks): Mu mujyi wa Kigali na Huye, hari ahantu hake abakiriya bashobora gusaba ubufasha mu gusaba inguzanyo cyangwa kubona serivisi.

Ibisabwa mu Gutanga Inguzanyo no Kwandika Umukiriya (KYC & Onboarding): iCredit ikoresha uburyo bwa digital mu gusuzuma abakiriya. Ibi birimo:

• Kugenzura indangamuntu ya digital binyuze ku rubuga rwa IREMBO rwa Leta y’u Rwanda.
• Gufata ifoto (biometric selfie) y’umukiriya no gusikana indangamuntu ye.
• Gukoresha uburyo bwa digital (automated risk-scoring) mu gihe gito cyane, kugira ngo barebe ubushobozi bw'umukiriya bwo kwishyura.

Uburyo bwo Gusuzuma Ubwishyu (Credit Scoring & Underwriting): iCredit ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwihariye (proprietary algorithm) bugereranya amakuru atandukanye kugira ngo ifate icyemezo cyo gutanga inguzanyo. Aya makuru arimo: amateka y’ubwishyu kuri MTN MoMo, uburyo umukiriya yongeramo amafaranga y’ikoreshwa rya telefoni (airtime top-up patterns), ndetse n’isesengura ry’imikoranire ye n’abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga (social graph analysis). Nta gipimo fatizo cy’ubwishyu (minimum credit score threshold) cyatangajwe ku mugaragaro.

Uburyo bwo Gutanga Inguzanyo (Disbursement Methods): Amafaranga y’inguzanyo atangwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye, burimo:

• Kuyohereza kuri Mobile Money (MTN MoMo, Airtel Money).
• Kuyohereza kuri konti ya banki (mu mabanki akomeye akorera mu Rwanda).
• Kuyatunganya mu mafaranga (cash pickup) aho bakirira abakiriya.

Uburyo bwo Kwishyuza no Kugaruza (Collections & Recovery): iCredit ikoresha uburyo bwa digital mu kwishyuza, burimo kohereza ubutumwa bugufi (SMS) no kubibutsa binyuze muri porogaramu. Bashobora kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gukurira amafaranga kuri konti ya MoMo (direct debit authority). Mu gihe umukiriya atishyuye mu gihe cy’iminsi irenga 7, abakozi ba iCredit bashobora kumukurikirana mu buryo bwa bwite.

Porogaramu ya Mobili n'Uburambe bw'Umukoresha: Porogaramu ya iCredit ya Android ifite amanota ya 3.8/5 bitewe n'ibitekerezo by'abakoresha bagera ku 120. Ibyiza biyiranga birimo kubara inguzanyo (loan calculator), kureba amafaranga asigaye mu gihe nyacyo, gutunganya uburyo bwo kwishyura, no gusinya inyandiko mu buryo bwa digital. Urubuga rwa interineti rwabo rworoshye kandi rutanga amakuru make. Bifite urupapuro rwa Facebook rukora neza rufite abayoboke bagera ku 4,500.

iCredit ikorera mu gihugu hose binyuze mu mikoranire yayo n'imitere y'itumanaho rya MTN na Airtel. Mu mujyi wa Kigali, bafite aho bakirira abakiriya bane, Huye babiri, na Musanze hamwe. Bivugwa ko bafite abakiriya barenga 8,000 bakora, aho 60% ari abakozi bahembwa, 40% bakaba abacuruzi bato n’abaciriritse, naho 45% bakaba abagore.

Ireme ry'Amategeko, Urwego iCredit Ihagararamo ku Isoko, n'Ibitekerezo by'Abakiriya

Ireme ry'Amategeko n'Uburenganzira bwo Gutanga Serivisi: Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri iCredit. Ntabwo iCredit igaragara ku rutonde rw’ibigo by’imari biciriritse bihabwa uburenganzira bwo kwakira amafaranga y’abaturage (deposit-taking microfinance registry) n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Amabanki mu Rwanda (BNR). Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko ishobora kuba ikora hakurikijwe Itegeko N° 07/2018 rigenga abafatanyabikorwa batanga inguzanyo (credit providers) batakira amafaranga y’abaturage (non-deposit-taking).

iCredit ivuga ko ikurikiza amabwiriza ya BNR arengera abakiriya kandi igashyira mu bikorwa igenzura ry’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mbere yo gutanga inguzanyo. Kugeza ubu, nta makuru atangazwa ku mugaragaro yerekeye ibihano cyangwa amande yigeze ahabwa iCredit. Mu rwego rwo kurengera abakiriya, iCredit ivuga ko itangaza inyungu nyayo ku mwaka (APR) mu itumanaho ryayo ryose, ikanagira umurongo wa telefone ukora amasaha 24/7, kandi igashishikariza abakiriya kugeza ibibazo byabo ku Mukuru w’Ishami rishinzwe Abadepite muri BNR (BNR ombudsman) mu gihe cy’amakimbirane.

Urwego iCredit Ihagararamo ku Isoko no Kugereranya na Bahatana: iCredit ifite agaciro gake ku isoko ry’inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda, kuko bivugwa ko ifite hafi 3% gusa by’isoko muri iki gice. Irushanwa n’ibindi bigo bikomeye nka Tala, APR Loans, na Branch. Icyihariye iCredit itandukaniyeho n’abandi ni ugukoresha cyane uburyo bwa algorithm mu gusuzuma ubwishyu aho kugendera ku ngwate, ndetse n’uburyo bwihuse bwo kwandika abakiriya (digital onboarding) ugereranyije n’ibigo by’imari biciriritse bisanzwe.

Mu rwego rwo kwagura ibikorwa, iCredit iteganya gushyira hanze porogaramu ya iOS mu gihe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2026. Ifite kandi gahunda yo gutangira inguzanyo z’ubucuruzi zizagera kuri RWF 10,000,000. Yafatanyije na MTN Rwanda mu bijyanye no kwishyura binyuze kuri Mobile Money, ndetse n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibigo by’imari biciriritse (SACCO umbrella association) mu rwego rwo gukomeza urusobe rw’abakozi bayo (agent network).

Ibitekerezo by'Abakiriya: Ibitekerezo bivuye ku bakiriya ku porogaramu ya iCredit kuri Google Play Store bigaragaza ko abakiriya bashimira cyane umuvuduko wo gutanga inguzanyo, ariko bagaragaza kenshi ko inyungu zayo ziri hejuru. Abakiriya bataka kandi ko umubare w’abakozi bahagarariye iCredit ari muto cyane mu bice byo hanze ya Kigali, bikagora abakeneye serivisi. Serivisi z’abakiriya binyuze mu butumwa bwa porogaramu zishobora gusubiza mu masaha abiri, ariko ibibazo birebana n'amakimbirane bivugwa ko bishobora gutinda gukemuka.

Hariho ubuhamya bw’umudozi wo mu Kigali, watangaje ko yakoresheje inguzanyo ya RWF 500,000 ya iCredit mu kwagura ibicuruzwa bye, maze mu mezi atatu yongera inyungu ze ku kigero cya 20%. Ibi ni ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko hari abavuga ko iCredit ibafasha, nubwo ibibazo by’inyungu ziri hejuru bikomeza kuvugwa.

Inama z'Ingirakamaro ku Bashaka Kwaka Inguzanyo muri iCredit

Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, amakuru menshi arebana n’imikorere ya iCredit mu Rwanda aracyafite ibyavuzweho byinshi ndetse ntanashimangirwa n’inzego zibifite mu nshingano. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ku bashaka kwaka inguzanyo muri iCredit, ni ngombwa kumenya ibi bikurikira:

• Kora Ubushakashatsi Bwawe Bwimbitse: Niba ukeneye inguzanyo, menya neza ko wumva neza ibijyanye na iCredit. Saba ibisobanuro byose kuri serivisi zabo, amategeko agenga inguzanyo, n'ibindi byose ushobora kubaza mbere yo gufata icyemezo. Irinde kwiringira amakuru make ubonye kuri interineti cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
• Soma Amasezerano neza: Amasezerano yose agenga inguzanyo, harimo inyandiko z’inguzanyo, amafaranga y’inyungu, amafaranga y’ibikorwa, n’igihe cyo kwishyura, agomba gusomwa neza kandi akamenyekana mbere yo gusinya. Niba hari icyo utumva, menya neza ko ucyekesha abagutije.
• Menya Inyungu Nyayo (APR): Kubera ko inyungu za iCredit zishobora kuba hejuru, cyane cyane ku nguzanyo z’igihe gito, menya neza ko wumva neza Igiciro Nyacyo cy’Inguzanyo ku Mwaka (APR) kizagendera ku nguzanyo yawe. Ibi bizagufasha kumenya neza amafaranga yose uzishyura.
• Sesa Inguzanyo n'Ubushobozi Bwawe bwo Kwishyura: Mbese ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwishyura burahagije? Ntugatire amafaranga arenze ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuyishyura mu gihe cyagenwe. Gutinda kwishyura bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mateka yawe y’ubwishyu (credit history) no gutuma wishyura amafaranga y’inyungu y’igihe cyarenze (late fees).
• Menya Inzego Zegerejwe Ibibazo: Niba hari ikibazo uhuye na cyo nka iCredit, menya inzira ushobora gukoresha mu gukemura ikibazo. Ukeneye kumenya niba bafite umurongo wa telefone uhamagarwa, uburyo bwo kubagisha inama binyuze muri porogaramu, cyangwa niba ushobora kubugeza ku BNR.

Mu gusoza, iCredit itanga uburyo bw’inguzanyo bugezweho kandi bwihuse mu Rwanda, ariko abakiriya bagomba kugira amakenga kandi bagafata inguzanyo bazi neza ibyerekeye inyungu zazo zishobora kuba hejuru ndetse n’ibyerekeye imikorere y’ikigo mu rwego rw’amategeko.