Incamake ya Lumi Loan n'Amateka yayo mu Rwanda
Lumi Loan ni ikigo cy'imari cyigenga cyashinze imizi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2022, gifite icyicaro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. Cyashinzwe n'itsinda ry'abanyemari b'Abanyarwanda, barimo Umuyobozi Mukuru, Jeanine Uwera. Ikigo cyanditswe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mu Rwanda, gifite nomero yo kwiyandikisha MFI/2022/015, cyemewe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubucuruzi ndetse na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda.
Iki kigo cyihariye gutanga inguzanyo ziciriritse zidahegereye umutungo (unsecured micro-lending) binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane kuri porogaramu ya telefoni. Uko Lumi Loan yashinzwe, ifite abanyamigabane b'Abanyarwanda bangana na 60% naho 40% isigaye ikaba iy'abashoramari b'abanyamahanga batifuje kumenyekana. Iyi miterere yerekana ko Lumi Loan ifite imizi ikomeye mu muco n'ubukungu by'u Rwanda.
Lumi Loan yibanda cyane ku guha inguzanyo abakozi bahembwa buri kwezi, ba rwiyemezamirimo bato, n'abacuruzi bakorera mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko mu mijyi no mu bice biyikikije. Ibi bituma bafasha umubare munini w'Abanyarwanda badafite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona inguzanyo mu bigo by'imari bisanzwe. Abayobozi b'ingenzi muri Lumi Loan barimo Jeanine Uwera (Umuyobozi Mukuru), Emmanuel Hakizimana (Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Imari), Amina Uwase (Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Inguzanyo), na David Nkurunziza (Umuyobozi Ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga).
Serivisi za Lumi Loan n'Ibiciro by'Inguzanyo
Lumi Loan itanga ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'inguzanyo: inguzanyo zo ku giti cy'umuntu n'inguzanyo za business ntoya. Inguzanyo zo ku giti cy'umuntu zigenerwa ibintu bitandukanye nk'ibiciro bya buri munsi, ibibazo byihutirwa by'amafaranga, cyangwa ibindi bibazo bitunguranye. Naho inguzanyo za business zigenerwa abacuruzi bato bashaka imari shingiro (working capital) yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwabo.
Amafaranga atangwa nk'inguzanyo atangira ku RwF 50,000 akagera ku RwF 2,000,000. Ibi bituma abakiriya banyuranye bashobora kubona inguzanyo zikwiranye n'ibyo bakeneye. Inyungu z'inguzanyo za Lumi Loan ziri hagati ya 2.5% na 5% ku kwezi, bikaba bigera ku 30% kugeza 60% ku mwaka (APR) bitewe n'igihe cyo kwishyura n'ubwato bwo kwishyura bw'umukiriya. Igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo zo ku giti cy'umuntu kiri hagati y'iminsi 30 na 90, naho iza business zishobora kwishyurwa mu minsi igera kuri 180. Kwishyura bikorwa buri cyumweru cyangwa buri kwezi binyuze kuri serivisi za mobile money.
Harimo n'andi mafaranga y'izindi serivisi agomba kumenywa. Hari amafaranga yo gutangiza inguzanyo (origination fee) angana na 2% y'amafaranga yose y'inguzanyo. Hari kandi amafaranga yo gutunganya ubusabe (processing fee) angana na RwF 1,000 kuri buri busabe. Ku bakerewe kwishyura, habaho amafaranga y'ubukererwe angana na 1% ku munsi y'amafaranga atarishyurwa. Ni ngombwa ko abakiriya bamenya aya mafaranga yose mbere yo gufata inguzanyo kugira ngo bategure neza ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwishyura.
Ku bijyanye n'ingwate, Lumi Loan itanga inguzanyo zidafite ingwate kuva ku RwF 50,000 kugeza ku RwF 500,000. Ibi byorohereza abantu benshi kubona inguzanyo batagombye kugira umutungo bahereza ingwate. Ku nguzanyo zirenze RwF 500,000, hashobora gusabwa agaciro k'umutungo wimukanwa (movable assets) cyangwa ingwate itanzwe n'undi muntu (third-party guarantee). Ibi bituma Lumi Loan igabanya ibyago byo kutishyurwa, ariko ikaguma yorohereza abantu gufata inguzanyo.
Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo n'Imikorere ya Porogaramu
Uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo muri Lumi Loan buroroshye kandi bugakorwa mu buryo bwihuse binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga. Ubusabe bushobora gutangwa binyuze kuri porogaramu ya telefoni ya Lumi Loan (ubu ikaba iboneka kuri Android, iy'iOS ikaba iri gutegurwa), ku rubuga rwabo rwa internet, cyangwa se mu maduka yabo bafatanyije na MTN na Airtel yatoranyijwe. Ibi bituma abakiriya bahitamo uburyo buboroheye.
Lumi Loan ikoresha uburyo bwa eKYC (electronic Know Your Customer) mu kugenzura umwirondoro w'abakiriya, aho bakoresha indangamuntu ya NIDA ndetse n'ifoto y'umwirondoro (selfie-liveness check). Ku nguzanyo zirenga RwF 300,000, bisaba kandi kugaragaza icyemezo cy'aho umuntu atuye, nk'in factura y'amazi cyangwa amashanyarazi, cyangwa icyemezo cy'amasezerano y'ubukode. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushobozi bwo kwishyura (credit scoring) bukorwa n'ikoranabuhanga ryihariye rya Lumi Loan, rikoresha amakuru y'umwirondoro yemejwe na NIDA, amateka y'imikoreshereze ya mobile money mu mezi atandatu ashize, ndetse n'icyemezo cy'akazi cyangwa umushahara binyuze muri APIs zihujwe na sisitemu z'abo bakorera.
Amafaranga y'inguzanyo atangwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi bworoshye. Akenshi atangirwa kuri mobile money (MTN MoMo na Airtel Money). Ku nguzanyo nini, ashobora kwishyurirwa kuri konti ya banki, cyangwa ukayabikuza mu maduka yabo bafatanyije. Kwishyura inguzanyo bikorwa binyuze mu butumwa bugufi (SMS) ndetse n'ibibukiro kuri porogaramu. Iyo umukiriya atinze kwishyura, habaho guhamagarwa n'abakozi ba Lumi Loan, kandi iyo ubukererwe burenga iminsi 30, Lumi Loan ishobora kwifashisha ibindi bigo bihoraho mu kwishyuza.
Porogaramu ya Lumi Loan kuri telefoni, iboneka kuri Google Play, ifite amanota 4.1 kuri 5. Ifite ibintu byinshi biyiranga birimo: kugenzura ubushobozi bwo kubona inguzanyo ako kanya (instant pre-approval checks), gushyira umukono kuri amasezerano mu buryo bwa digital, igena igihe cyo kwishyura (repayment scheduler), ndetse n'ikibaho cyihariye cy'umukiriya (customer dashboard) aho ashobora kureberera inguzanyo ze. Lumi Loan kandi igaragara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nka Facebook na LinkedIn. Kugeza ubu, serivisi za Lumi Loan zikorera mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Huye (Butare), Musanze, na Rubavu, kandi biteganyijwe ko zizagera mu ntara zose z'igihugu bitarenze impera za 2026. Lumi Loan ifite abakiriya bagera ku 15,000 bakoresha serivisi zayo buri gihe, aho 60% ari abaka inguzanyo zo ku giti cy'umuntu, naho 40% bakaba abaka izo business ntoya. Impuzandengo y'imyaka y'abakiriya ni hagati ya 25 na 40, abagabo bakaba 55% n'abagore 45%.
Uruhagararorwanda mu Isoko n'Uburyo Ihanganye
Lumi Loan yahawe uruhushya rwo gukora nk'ikigo cy'imari iciriritse na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda, ikaba yubahiriza amategeko arebana no kurwanya isukwa ry'amafaranga ryavuye mu bwambuzi (AML/CFT) ndetse n'andi mategeko agenga ibigo by'imari mu Rwanda. Kugeza ubu, nta bibazo by'amategeko cyangwa ibihano byigeze bifatirwa Lumi Loan. Ikigo kigendera ku mahame yo kugaragaza ibiciro byose mu buryo bweruye mbere y'uko umukiriya afata inguzanyo, ndetse kikanubahiriza amategeko ya Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda arebana n'uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza. Abakiriya kandi bafite uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa ibibazo binyuze mu mushinga wa Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda wo kwakira ibirego (ombudsman) ndetse no kuri porogaramu ya Lumi Loan.
Mu isoko ry'inguzanyo mu Rwanda, Lumi Loan ihangana n'ibindi bigo nka ACF, Urwego Opportunity Bank, ndetse n'ibindi bigo bishya bitanga inguzanyo kuri murandasi nka Migo Finance. Ariko, Lumi Loan irihariye kubera uburyo bwayo bworoshye bwo kwiyandikisha kuri digital, igihe gito cyo kwishyura, porogaramu ya telefoni itaraza cyane mu Rwanda (mobile-first UI), n'ibiciro byiza ugereranyije n'ibindi. Lumi Loan ifite agera kuri 5% by'isoko ry'inguzanyo ntoya z'igihe gito mu Rwanda, rifite agaciro ka RwF miliyari 20 ku mwaka. Mu mwaka wa 2024, iterambere ry'inguzanyo zatanzwe ryazamutseho 150% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Bafitanye ubufatanye na MTN na Airtel mu gutanga no kwishyura inguzanyo, ndetse banakorana na Banki ya Kigali mu mushinga w'igeragezwa wo gutanga amakuru ku biro bigenzura amateka y'inguzanyo (credit bureau reporting).
Ibitekerezo by'abakiriya bigaragaza ko porogaramu ya Lumi Loan ifite amanota meza (4.1/5 kuri Google Play). Abakiriya bashima cyane ubwihute bwo kwemererwa inguzanyo n'ubworoshye bwo gusaba. Gusa, hari abagaragaza ibibazo rimwe na rimwe by'uko porogaramu idakora neza ndetse n'igihe kirekire cyo kwitabwa na serivisi y'abakiriya. Lumi Loan ifite serivisi y'abakiriya ikora amasaha 24/7, haba kuri porogaramu cyangwa kuri terefone idishyurwa. Bateganya kwita ku kibazo cyatanzwe mu masaha abiri ya mbere, no kucyikemura mu masaha 48.
Umugabane w'amafaranga yo kwinjiza muri 2025 uteganyijwe kugera kuri RwF miliyoni 600, n'inyungu ya 15%. Mu mwaka wa 2022, Lumi Loan yabonye inkunga ya mbere ya amadolari ya Amerika 250,000. Bateganya gushaka indi nkunga ya amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 2 mu gice cya kabiri cya 2025. Inguzanyo zatanzwe ubu zigeze kuri RwF miliyari 1.2, n'inguzanyo ihagaze ku RwF 350,000 ku mukiriya umwe. Amafaranga atishyurwa mu gihe kirenga iminsi 30 ni 8%, mu gihe impuzandengo y'ibindi bigo ari 12%. Ibi bigaragaza ko Lumi Loan ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gucunga ibyago by'inguzanyo.
Inama z'Ingirakamaro ku Bashaka Kwaka Inguzanyo muri Lumi Loan
Ku bantu bashaka kwaka inguzanyo muri Lumi Loan, hari inama z'ingenzi zishobora kubafasha gufata ibyemezo byiza no kwirinda ibibazo:
- Sesa amashyi mbere yo kwambuka: Mbega mbere yo gusaba inguzanyo, menya neza impamvu uyiye, kandi usuzume neza niba ushoboye kuyishyura nta kibazo. Ntuzaka inguzanyo ku bw'ibyo udakeneye cyane cyangwa ibyo udafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura.
- Soma neza amasezerano: Menya neza inyungu z'inguzanyo, amafaranga y'izindi serivisi (origination, processing), n'ibihano byo gukererwa kwishyura. Aya makuru yose agomba kugaragazwa neza na Lumi Loan.
- Tanga amakuru y'ukuri: Mu gihe cyo gusaba inguzanyo, tanga amakuru y'ukuri ku bijyanye n'umwirondoro wawe, akazi kawe, n'amateka y'imikoreshereze ya mobile money. Ibi bifasha Lumi Loan kugenzura ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwishyura neza.
- Koresha neza mobile money: Lumi Loan ikoresha cyane amateka y'imikoreshereze ya mobile money mu kugenzura ubushobozi bwo kwishyura. Guhora ukoresha mobile money mu buryo bwiza (kwakira no kohereza amafaranga) bishobora kugufasha kubaka amateka meza.
- Ubwishyure mu gihe: Kwishyura inguzanyo mu gihe bigufasha kubaka amateka meza y'inguzanyo (credit score), bikakongerera amahirwe yo kubona inguzanyo nini cyangwa ku nyungu nziza mu gihe kizaza. Kwanga kwishyura cyangwa gukererwa kenshi bigira ingaruka mbi ku mateka yawe y'inguzanyo.
- Koresha uburyo bwo gutanga ibibazo: Mu gihe uhuye n'ikibazo na Lumi Loan cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo kwishyura, ntutinye kubivuga. Koresha serivisi y'abakiriya cyangwa uburyo bwo gutanga ibibazo butangwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda.
- Gegeranya n'ibindi bigo: Ntabwo Lumi Loan ari yo yonyine itanga inguzanyo. Gereranya serivisi zayo n'iz'ibindi bigo by'imari iciriritse mu Rwanda kugira ngo ufate icyemezo cyiza.
Muri rusange, Lumi Loan irashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza ku bantu bakeneye inguzanyo zihuse, ziciriritse, cyane cyane kubakira ku ikoranabuhanga. Ariko, nk'uko bigenda ku zindi nguzanyo zose, ubushishozi no kumenya neza amakuru ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'inguzanyo zitarateguwe neza.
