Max Cash

max cash: Incamake n'Amateka mu Rwanda

max cash ni ikigo gitanga inguzanyo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa se "digital lender," gikora mu Rwanda. Nubwo gifite amavu n'amavuko atarasobanuka neza mu buryo bweruye, birakekwa ko cyashinzwe nyuma ya 2020 n'abashoramari b'Abanyarwanda, kikaba kigambiriye gufasha cyane cyane abakozi bahembwa n'abafite ubucuruzi buciriritse mu Mijyi nka Kigali ndetse no mu zindi ntara. Ikora mu rwego rwo gutanga inguzanyo nto zifashisha ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni zigendanwa, bigatuma abantu babona amafaranga byihuse mu gihe cy'ubukene cyangwa mu iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwabo.

Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'uburyo max cash yanditswe mu Rwanda Development Board (RDB) cyangwa ku kigo cy'Igihugu cy'Amabanki (BNR) atarabasha kuboneka ku mugaragaro. Ibi bituma amakuru ajyanye n'uburyo bwa nyir'ikigo, abayobozi bakuru, ndetse n'imikorere yacyo muri rusange atizewe neza. Abashaka kwaka inguzanyo cyangwa gukorana nacyo bagirwa inama yo kwiyegereza ikigo ubwacyo kugira ngo bamenye amakuru yizewe kandi yuzuye, cyane cyane ku birebana n'amategeko agenga imikorere yacyo.

Uburyo max cash ikoramo bwibanda ku gutanga inguzanyo byihuse, bitasaba ingwate ikomeye. Ibi bigira umumaro ku bantu benshi badafite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingwate, ariko bakeneye amafaranga byihuse. Icyerekezo cy'isoko rya max cash kigaragara ko ari ugufasha abaturage bari hagati n'abafite ubucuruzi buciriritse, bakunda guhura n'imbogamizi zo kubona inguzanyo mu mabanki asanzwe kubera ibisabwa biba byinshi.

Ubwoko bw'Inguzanyo, Inyungu, n'Amasezerano ya max cash

max cash itanga ubwoko bw'inguzanyo bubiri bw'ingenzi, nubwo amakuru yabyo atizewe neza kandi akaba yarakusanyijwe binyuze mu gusesengura ibyo bikekwa ku isoko:

• Inguzanyo z'umuntu ku giti cye: Izi ni inguzanyo nto, z'igihe gito, zigenewe gufasha abantu mu bibazo byihutirwa by'amafaranga. Zigenewe abakozi bahembwa bashobora kwerekana ubushobozi bwo kwishyura binyuze mu mishahara yabo.
• Inguzanyo z'Ubucuruzi: Izi zigenewe abafite ubucuruzi buciriritse. Birakekwa ko zishobora kugera ku mafaranga agera ku 500,000 Frw, zifasha abacuruzi gukemura ibibazo by'amafaranga cyangwa gutegura ibikorwa bito bito by'ubucuruzi bwabo.

Amafaranga y'Inguzanyo, Inyungu, n'Amasezerano

Amafaranga y'inguzanyo atangirwa muri max cash, nk'uko bigaragara ko bimeze ku isoko, ari hagati ya 50,000 Frw (nk'amadolari 45) na 500,000 Frw (nk'amadolari 450). Ibi bituma ziba inguzanyo zigenewe abantu bakeneye amafaranga make kandi byihuse.

Inyungu (Interest Rates): Ikintu cy'ingenzi abashaka kwaka inguzanyo bagomba kuzirikana ni inyungu. Birakekwa ko max cash ishobora gutanga inguzanyo ku nyungu iri hagati ya 5% na 10% ku kwezi. Ibi bishatse kuvuga inyungu iri hagati ya 60% na 120% ku mwaka (APR). Aya mafaranga y'inyungu ni menshi cyane ugereranyije n'ay'inguzanyo zitangwa n'ibigo by'imari bisanzwe bigengwa na BNR. Abashaka kwaka inguzanyo bagomba kubyitondera cyane bakabisesengura neza mbere yo kwaka, bakumva neza niba bazabasha kwishyura ayo mafaranga menshi y'inyungu.

Amafaranga y'Inyongera (Fees): max cash ishobora kugira amafaranga y'inyongera atandukanye:

• Amafaranga yo gutangiza inguzanyo (Origination fee): Ashobora kuba ari hagati ya 3% na 5% y'amafaranga waka.
• Amafaranga y'ihazabu kubatinda kwishyura (Late payment fee): Ashobora kuba ari 1% ku munsi inguzanyo yatinze kwishyurwa.

Igihe cyo Kwishyura (Tenor) n'Uburyo bwo Kwishyura: Igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo ya max cash ni gito, hagati y'iminsi 30 na 90. Kwishyura bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri:

• Kwishyura amafaranga yose rimwe (Single balloon payment): Uwishyura amafaranga yose y'inguzanyo n'inyungu rimwe ku munsi wagenwe.
• Kwishyura mu byiciro bya buri cyumweru (Weekly installments): Uwishyura amafaranga make buri cyumweru kugeza igihe arangije kwishyura inguzanyo yose.

Ingwate (Collateral): max cash ntisaba ingwate ikomeye nk'izo amabanki asanzwe asaba. Ahubwo yishingira ku makuru ajyanye n'umukiriya (KYC), umushahara, cyangwa amateka y'ibyo akoresha kuri Mobile Money mu kugena ubushobozi bwe bwo kwishyura.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo n'Ikoranabuhanga rya max cash

Uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo muri max cash bworoshye kuko bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane binyuze muri porogaramu (app) ya telefoni igendanwa ndetse n'uburyo bwa USSD. Ibi bigabanya igihe n'ingufu bisabwa mu gusaba inguzanyo mu buryo busanzwe.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo

• Porogaramu ya Telefoni (Mobile App): max cash ikoresha porogaramu yayo igendanwa igaragara cyane cyane kuri telefone zikoresha sisiteme ya Android. Uwishaka inguzanyo ashobora gukuramo iyi porogaramu, akayishyira muri telefone ye, hanyuma akuzuza amakuru asabwa kugira ngo abe yaka inguzanyo. Nta porogaramu ya iOS (iPhone) iraboneka.
• USSD Code: Ku bantu batakoresha telefone zigezweho cyangwa badafite internet, max cash ishobora kuba inatanga serivisi zayo binyuze kuri kodi ya USSD. Ubu buryo bwemerera abantu gusaba inguzanyo bakoresheje ubutumwa bugufi bw'imirongo (SMS) cyangwa bakanda kuri telefoni, bidasaba internet.

Ibisabwa mu Gusaba Inguzanyo (KYC)

Kugira ngo umuntu abashe kwaka inguzanyo muri max cash, asabwa ibyangombwa bike by'ingenzi:

• Indangamuntu (NIDA): Ni ngombwa kugira indangamuntu y'u Rwanda yujuje ibisabwa.
• Kwandikisha Mobile Money ya MTN: Umukiriya agomba kuba afite konti ya MTN Mobile Money yanditseho izina rye. Amakuru ajyanye n'ibyo akoresha kuri Mobile Money akoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushobozi bwe bwo kwishyura.
• Kwemeza Indangamuntu Hifashishijwe Ikoranabuhanga: max cash ikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura amakuru y'indangamuntu y'umukiriya ikurikije amakuru ya NIDA.

Kugenzura Ubushobozi bwo Kwishyura no Gutanga Amafaranga

max cash igenzura ubushobozi bw'umukiriya bwo kwishyura ishingiye ku makuru akurikira:

• Amateka y'ibyo akoresha kuri Mobile Money.
• Gukoresha amafaranga y'igihe cyose (airtime top-ups).
• Amateka yo kwishyura inguzanyo yigeze kwaka ahandi cyangwa muri max cash ubwayo.

Iyo inguzanyo yemejwe, amafaranga yayo atangwa byihuse, yoherezwa kuri konti ya MTN Mobile Money y'umukiriya cyangwa kuri banki ye, bitewe n'uburyo bwahiswemo.

Gukusanya Imyenda no Kuboneka ku Isoko

Mu bijyanye no gukusanya imyenda, max cash ikoresha uburyo bwa digitali, nka SMS zibukiriza abakiriya kwishyura, ndetse na USSD prompts. Iyo umukiriya atinze kwishyura, hashobora koherezwa abakozi bo kumukurikirana kugira ngo ashyurwe. max cash ikora cyane cyane mu mijyi minini nka Kigali no mu mijyi y'icyaro, aho abakiriya bagera ku bihumbi icumi (10,000) bavuga ko bakorana nayo.

Uko max cash Ihagaze ku Isoko, Abahiganwa, n'Ibigendanye n'Amategeko

max cash iracyari ikigo gito ku isoko ry'inguzanyo mu Rwanda ugereranyije n'ibindi bigo by'imari bifite izina bikomeye. Umwanya wayo ku isoko uracyari muto cyane, nta buryo na buke ugereranyije n'ibigo by'imari bisanzwe n'ibindi bigo bitanga inguzanyo za digitali byizewe.

Abahiganwa

Mu Rwanda, max cash ihangana n'ibigo byinshi bizwi kandi byizewe, birimo:

• MTN MoKash: Igitanga inguzanyo ziciriritse binyuze kuri MTN Mobile Money.
• Tala Rwanda: Ikigo kizwi cyane gitanga inguzanyo za digitali gishingiye ku makuru y'imikoreshereze ya telefone.
• Branch: Ikindi kigo cyizewe gitanga inguzanyo za digitali.
• Ibigo Bito by'Imari (Microfinance Institutions - MFIs): Ibi bigo bitanga inguzanyo ku batishoboye n'abafite ubucuruzi buciriritse.

max cash irihanganira kubera ko itanga inguzanyo z'igihe gito cyane, zitanga ingwate, ariko ku nyungu iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'abahiganwa bayo. Nta bimenyetso byerekana ko hari gahunda nshya zo kwagura ibikorwa cyangwa ubufatanye n'ibindi bigo.

Imikoranire n'Amategeko (Regulatory Status)

Ikibazo cy'ingenzi abashaka kwaka inguzanyo muri max cash bagomba kumenya ni uko nta makuru arambuye yerekana ko max cash yanditswe mu bigo bitanga inguzanyo bigengwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR). Ibi bivuze ko ishobora kuba idakurikiza amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga ibigo by'imari mu Rwanda, bishobora gutuma abakiriya bayo badafite ubudahangarwa buhagije bw'amategeko mu gihe cy'ibibazo.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, birakekwa ko ikigo kigomba gukurikiza amategeko ajyanye no gusangira amakuru y'inguzanyo n'ikigo cy'amakuru y'inguzanyo (Credit Reference Bureau - CRB) ndetse no gusobanura neza amafaranga yose y'inyongera ku bakiriya. Nta bikorwa by'ubugenzuzi cyangwa ibihano byatanzwe kuri max cash byigeze bitangazwa ku mugaragaro.

Ibitekerezo by'Abakiriya n'Imikorere y'Ikigo

Kugeza ubu, nta bimenyetso bigaragara by'ibitekerezo by'abakiriya (user reviews) kuri porogaramu ya max cash kuri Google Play Store cyangwa ku zindi mbuga zitanga ibitekerezo. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko ikigo gikiri gito cyangwa kitarashyira imbaraga mu kumenyekana ku mugaragaro. Birakekwa ko ibibazo bishobora kugaragara harimo inyungu ziri hejuru ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukusanya imyenda bushobora kuba bukaze. Nta nimero za telefoni zo guhamagara abakiriya cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvugana na serivisi y'abakiriya byigeze bitangazwa ku mugaragaro, ndetse nta n'inkuru z'abakiriya bishimye cyangwa bagaragaje iterambere ryabo.

Ku bijyanye n'imibare y'imari, nta makuru yizewe ku bijyanye n'amafaranga max cash yinjiza cyangwa inyungu ikura. Birakekwa ko yaba yatangijwe n'amafaranga make bwite (bootstrapped) kandi ko inguzanyo zose yatanga zidashobora kurenga amafaranga miliyoni 100 Frw. Kubera inguzanyo zayo ziba zifite inyungu nyinshi kandi zihabwa abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kutishyura, birakekwa ko umubare w'abatinze kwishyura ushobora kurenga 10% buri kwezi.

Inama z'Ingirakamaro ku Bashaka Inguzanyo muri max cash

Kubera amakuru make kandi adizewe neza kuri max cash, abantu bashaka kwaka inguzanyo bagirwa inama yo kwitonda cyane no kugira ubushishozi. Hano hari inama z'ingirakamaro zagufasha gufata umwanzuro ufatika:

• Gukora Ubugenzuzi Bwimbitse (Due Diligence): Mbere yo kwaka inguzanyo, gerageza kwiyegereza max cash ubwayo kugira ngo iguhe amakuru arambuye kandi yizewe ku bijyanye n'uburyo yanditswe n'amategeko ayigenga. Saba amasezerano yanditse agaragaza neza ibigendanye n'inguzanyo zayo.
• Gusobanukirwa Inyungu n'Amafaranga y'Inyongera: Niba amakuru avuga ko inyungu ziri hagati ya 5% na 10% ku kwezi (60% - 120% ku mwaka) ari ukuri, menya ko ari amafaranga menshi cyane. Menya neza amafaranga yose y'inyongera (origination fee, late payment fee) kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza umubare wose uzishyura.
• Kumenya Igihe cyo Kwishyura: Inguzanyo za max cash zifite igihe gito cyo kwishyura (iminsi 30-90). Menya neza ko uzabasha kwishyura neza mu gihe gito cyangwa mu byiciro byagenwe, kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gukusanya imyenda.
• Gukora Igereranya n'Abandi Batanga Inguzanyo: Gereranya serivisi za max cash n'iz'ibindi bigo by'imari bizwi kandi bigengwa na BNR, nka MTN MoKash, Tala, Branch, cyangwa amabanki asanzwe. Uzarebe niba inguzanyo ya max cash ari yo yonyine ikwiye igihe ugendeye ku nyungu n'ibisabwa.
• Kuzirikana Ikibazo cy'Imikoranire n'Amategeko: Kuba max cash itagaragara ku rutonde rw'ibigo bigengwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR) ni ikibazo gikomeye. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku burenganzira bw'umukiriya mu gihe cy'ibibazo cyangwa amakimbirane. Fata umwanzuro uzi ingaruka zishobora kuvuka.
• Kwaka Inguzanyo mu Bushishozi: Aka inguzanyo gusa igihe ubukeneye cyane kandi wizeye neza ko uzabasha kuyishyura ku gihe. Kwaka inguzanyo nyinshi cyangwa izifite inyungu nyinshi bishobora kugushyira mu gihombo gikomeye.

Mu gusoza, nubwo max cash ishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kubona inguzanyo byihuse, ni ngombwa cyane kwitonda, gukora ubugenzuzi bwimbitse, no gusobanukirwa neza amasezerano yose mbere yo gufata umwanzuro. Kumenya amakuru yuzuye ni yo ntwaro yawe ikomeye.