Niyo Microloan

Isoko Rusange n'Amateka ya Niyo Microloan mu Rwanda

Niyo Microloan ni ikigo gishya cy'inguzanyo ntoya cyatangiriye mu Rwanda, gitanga serivisi zacyo cyane cyane binyuze mu buryo bwa digital. Mu gihe amakuru yacyo yuzuye arebana no kwiyandikisha ku mugaragaro adatangazwa cyane, amakuru ahari agaragaza ko cyibanda ku gutanga inguzanyo zitagira ingwate ziri hagati ya 200,000 RWF na 2,000,000 RWF (bingana na 200–2,000 USD). Izi nguzanyo zitezweho gufasha abacuruzi bato n'abantu ku giti cyabo bakeneye amafaranga y'igihe gito.

Iki kigo, nubwo nta makuru ahagije agaragaza ko cyanditswe mu buryo bwemewe na RDB (Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere) cyangwa Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda, birakekwa ko cyashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 2023. Birashoboka ko gifite abashoramari bacyo mu Buhinde (baba abanyamuryango ba Niyo Global) bakorana n'abayobozi b'ibanze mu Rwanda. Uburyo bacyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni, aho ibyemezo byo gutanga inguzanyo bifatwa hifashishijwe amakuru atandukanye n'isesengura ry'imyitwarire y'amafaranga (psychometric scoring).

Abakiriya ba Niyo Microloan ni cyane cyane abikorera bato n'abacuruzi bakeneye amafaranga y'ifatizo mu bucuruzi bwabo, ndetse n'abakozi bahembwa bashaka inguzanyo z'igihe gito zo kubafasha mu bibazo byihutirwa. Nubwo nta muyobozi mukuru cyangwa umwanditsi wacyo ufatika ugaragara ku mugaragaro, birakekwa ko gifite itsinda rito (abantu 5 kugeza 10) rishinzwe imikorere, inguzanyo, no gufasha abakiriya mu Rwanda.

Ibicuruzwa by'Inguzanyo na Serivisi zitangwa

Niyo Microloan itanga ubwoko bubiri bw'inguzanyo zingenzi, zose zitagira ingwate, zigenewe gufasha Abanyarwanda mu iterambere ryabo: Inguzanyo z'Ubucuruzi Buto na Inguzanyo bwite ku Bakozi.

Inguzanyo z'Ubucuruzi Buto (Micro Business Loans)

• Ingano y'Inguzanyo: Kuva ku 200,000 RWF kugeza kuri 2,000,000 RWF.
• Inyungu ku mwaka (APR): Hagati ya 18% na 22%.
• Igihe cyo Kwishyura: Hagati y'ukwezi kumwe (1) n'amezi cumi n'abiri (12).
• Ingwate: Nta ngwate isabwa. Izi nguzanyo zitangwa zishingiye ku kwizera.

Izi nguzanyo zigenewe abacuruzi bato n'abikorera bakeneye amafaranga yo kongera ibicuruzwa, kwagura ibikorwa, cyangwa gutunganya ibibazo byihutirwa mu bucuruzi bwabo.

Inguzanyo Bwite ku Bakozi (Personal Loans for Salaried Employees)

• Ingano y'Inguzanyo: Kuva ku 100,000 RWF kugeza kuri 500,000 RWF.
• Inyungu ku mwaka (APR): Hagati ya 15% na 20%.
• Igihe cyo Kwishyura: Hagati y'ukwezi kumwe (1) n'amezi atandatu (6).
• Ingwate: Nta ngwate isabwa.

Izi nguzanyo zigenewe abakozi bahembwa bashaka amafaranga y'igihe gito yo gutunganya ibibazo byihutirwa nk'uburwayi, ishuri, cyangwa ibindi bibazo bitunguranye bituma umuntu akeneye amafaranga yihuse.

Amafaranga n'Amategeko y'Inguzanyo

• Amafaranga yo gutangiza inguzanyo (Origination Fees): Hagati ya 1% na 3% by'amafaranga waguze, akatwa mbere yo kuguha inguzanyo.
• Amafaranga yo kwishyura batinze (Late Payment Fees): 1% ku kwezi ku mafaranga atarishyurwa ku gihe.
• Amafaranga y'ibikorwa (Processing Fees): Yishyurwa hamwe n'amafaranga yo gutangiza inguzanyo, nta yandi mafaranga yihariye asabwa.

Ni ngombwa ko abashaka inguzanyo basobanukirwa neza aya mafaranga n'amabwiriza yose mbere yo gusinya amasezerano y'inguzanyo.

Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo, Ikoranabuhanga n'Uburinganire

Niyo Microloan ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya digital mu gutanga serivisi zayo, bigatuma uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo bworoha kandi bwihuta. Ibi bikorwa binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye:

Inzira zo Gusaba Inguzanyo

• Application ya Telefoni (Mobile App): Iyi application iboneka kuri Android (5.0+) na iOS (13+). Ni yo nzira nyamukuru yo gusaba inguzanyo.
• USSD: Ku bantu batagira telefoni zigezweho (smartphones), bashobora gukoresha uburyo bwa USSD bakanda *XYZ#. Aya makuru aracyari kuyemeza.
• Ururubuga (Website): Niyo Microloan ifite ururubuga rushyiraho amakuru y'ibanze, imibare y'inguzanyo (loan calculator) n'ibibazo bikunze kubazwa. Ntabwo ari ururubuga rukora byinshi.
• Aho bakorera: Nta biro bifatika Niyo Microloan ifite, ibikorwa byayo byose bikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

Uburyo bwo Kwiyandikisha no Kwemeza Umwirondoro (KYC & Onboarding)

Uburyo bwo gusaba inguzanyo kuri Niyo Microloan burihuta cyane, kuko bifata iminota 5 kugeza kuri 15 kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe inguzanyo. Bugira intambwe zikurikira:

1. Kwemeza nimero ya telefoni ukoresheje OTP (One Time Password).
2. Gukoresha kamera ya telefoni scaning indangamuntu.
3. Gufata ifoto ya selfie kugira ngo bemeze ko umuntu ari muzima.
4. Guhura na banki (Bank statement/API data pull) ku bakozi bahembwa, kugira ngo barebe amakuru y'umushahara.

Isesengura ryo Gutanga Inguzanyo (Credit Scoring & Underwriting)

Niyo Microloan ikoresha uburyo bugezweho mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'umukiriya bwo kwishyura, burimo:

• Amakuru atandukanye: Bakoresha amakuru ajyanye n'imikoreshereze ya telefoni, amateka y'ibyo ukoresha amafaranga, n'ibindi.
• Ibibazo by'isesengura ry'imyitwarire (Psychometric questionnaire): Umukiriya asubiza ibibazo by'iminota 10 byerekana imyitwarire ye ku mafaranga.
• Gusuzuma amateka y'inguzanyo: Ku bakiriya bafite amateka mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe amakuru y'inguzanyo (CRB), Niyo Microloan irayasuzuma.

Gutanga no Kwishyuza Inguzanyo (Disbursement & Recovery)

• Gutanga Inguzanyo: Amafaranga atangwa mu gihe cy'isaha imwe gusa, akanyuzwa kuri MTN Mobile Money, Airtel Money, cyangwa kuri konti ya banki y'umukiriya.
• Kwishyuza: Hateganywa uburyo bwikora bwo kwishyura binyuze kuri mobile money. Ku bakozi bahembwa, bashobora kwemeza ko amafaranga azajya akatwa ku mushahara.
• Kwishyuza Abatinze: Niyo Microloan yohereza ubutumwa bwa SMS na notifications kuri application. Nyuma y'iminsi 7, bashobora guhamagarwa n'abakozi babishinzwe. Iyo byarenze iminsi 30, bakorana n'ibigo bishinzwe kwishyuza imyenda.

Application ya Telefoni (Mobile App)

Application ya Niyo Microloan iboneka kuri Android na iOS. Ifite ibintu byingenzi bituma abakiriya bayikoresha neza:

• Gusaba Inguzanyo Byihuse: Umukiriya ashobora gusaba inguzanyo ako kanya akoresheje application.
• Kureba amafaranga asigaye n'igihe cyo kwishyura: Application yerekana neza uko umukiriya azajya yishyura n'amafaranga asigaye.
• Uburyo bwo kuganira n'abakiriya (In-app customer chat): Umukiriya ashobora kuganira n'abakozi ba serivisi binyuze muri application.

Iyi application ifite amanota meza, nko kuba ifite 4.2★ kuri Play Store na 4.0★ kuri App Store, bigaragaza ko abakiriya bayishima.

Uburinganire bw'Ikoranabuhanga n'Abakiriya

Niyo Microloan ikoresha urubuga rw'ibanze, ikagira n'imbuga nkoranyambaga nka Facebook na Instagram. Serivisi zayo zishobora kugera ku banyarwanda bari mu gihugu hose kuko zishingiye ku binyujijwe kuri telefoni, nta biro bifatika bikenewe. Bigereranijwe ko ifite abakiriya bari hagati ya 5,000 na 10,000. Abagera kuri 60% ni abacuruzi bato, naho 40% ni abakozi bahembwa. Ubukuru bwabo buri hagati y'imyaka 22 na 45, kandi abagabo bangana na 55% naho abagore bakagera kuri 45%.

Amategeko agenga Isoko, Imiterere mu Isoko n'Urugendo rw'Abakiriya

Mu gice cy'Amategeko agenga isoko, Niyo Microloan ivuga ko yanditswe nk'ikigo cy'inguzanyo ntoya mu mategeko arebana n'itegeko No. 40/2008 kandi ko ifite uruhushya rutangwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda. Gusa, nimero y'uruhushya ntabwo iratangazwa ku mugaragaro. Bemeza ko bubahiriza amategeko agenga ibigo by'inguzanyo ntoya atangwa na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda ndetse n'amategeko y'u Rwanda arebana no kurinda amakuru y'abakiriya. Nta makuru agaragaza ko hari ibihano cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye yigeze bayafatirwa.

Kurinda Abakiriya (Consumer Protection)

Niyo Microloan ivuga ko yita ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bw'abakiriya, ibagaragariza neza amafaranga yose asabwa binyuze muri application. Banatanga igihe cyo kwishyura (grace period) ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhindura imyishyurire ku bakiriya bafite ibibazo byihutirwa byatumye badashobora kwishyura ku gihe.

Imiterere mu Isoko n'Ugereranyo n'Abandi

Niyo Microloan iracyari nto mu isoko ry'inguzanyo ntoya mu Rwanda, aho ifite ijanisha rito (munsi ya 1%) ry'isoko ryose. Mu Rwanda hari ibigo byinshi bihatana mu gutanga inguzanyo ntoya, birimo Letshego, Urwego Bank, Bancollect, na ASA Microfinance. Niyo Microloan yihariyeho mu buryo bwinshi:

• Gukora byose muri digital: Uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha no gusaba inguzanyo bwose bukorwa kuri telefoni.
• Isesengura rishingiye ku myitwarire: Bakoresha uburyo bwa psychometric scoring ku bakiriya batagira amakuru ahagije mu bigo by'inguzanyo.
• Uburyo bwa USSD: Bushyirwaho kugira ngo bufasha abadafite telefoni zigezweho.

Niyo Microloan igamije kongera umubare w'abakiriya bayo bakagera ku 20,000 mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2026. Banateganya gutanga n'izindi serivisi nko gutanga inguzanyo zo kugura ibikoresho (micro-leasing) no gutegura uburyo bwo kuzigama (savings wallet). Bakorana na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda mu kigo cy'amakuru y'inguzanyo ndetse n'ibigo by'itumanaho nka MTN na Airtel.

Urugendo n'Ibitekerezo by'Abakiriya

Ibyishimo by'abakiriya bigaragarira cyane ku bwihuse bwo gutanga inguzanyo no koroha kumenya uburyo bwo gukoresha application. Gusa, hari bimwe bigaragazwa nk'ibibazo, nko kuba inyungu zikuba hejuru ugereranyije n'izo ama-SACCO (ibigo by'imari n'amashyirahamwe yo kuzigama no kugurizanya) atanga, ndetse n'igihe gito application idakora neza.

Serivisi z'abakiriya zitangwa binyuze mu kiganiro kuri application cyangwa guhamagara. Isubiza ry'ibanze ryihuta, mu masaha abiri gusa, naho ibibazo bikemurwa mu masaha 24. Hari inkuru z'impamo z'abakiriya bafashijwe na Niyo Microloan, nk'uwari ufite iduka rito waguze inguzanyo ya 500,000 RWF agahita yongera ibicuruzwa bye kabiri mu mezi atatu, cyangwa umwarimu wakoresheje inguzanyo ya 200,000 RWF mu gihe cy'uburwayi butunguranye.

Imikorere y'Imari n'Inama ku bashaka Kugurizwa

Imikorere y'imari ya Niyo Microloan ntabwo itangazwa ku mugaragaro. Gusa, bigereranijwe ko inyungu zinjiza ku mwaka zishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 150 RWF. Bahawe inkunga y'ibanze ingana na miliyoni 1 USD mu mwaka wa 2024 iturutse ku bashoramari bo mu Buhinde, kandi bateganya kubona indi nkunga mu mwaka wa 2026. Inguzanyo zatanzwe zigera kuri miliyoni 800 RWF. Ijanisha ry'inguzanyo zitishyuwe ku gihe riri hagati ya 8% na 12%, naho izarashize burundu zigera kuri 6%.

Inama Zishobora Gufasha Abashaka Kugurizwa

Ku Banyarwanda batekereza kugurizwa na Niyo Microloan, dore inama zingenzi nk'umuhanga mu by'imari:

1. Soma neza amasezerano: Mbere yo gusinya cyangwa kwemeza inguzanyo, menya neza ibijyanye n'inyungu, amafaranga y'ibikorwa, n'ibihano ku batishyuye ku gihe. Nta cyo ukwiye kwemera utagisomye neza kandi wagisobanukiwe.
2. Gereranya n'abandi: Niyo Microloan itanga inguzanyo zihuse, ariko ni ngombwa kureba niba inyungu n'amafaranga asabwa bitaruta ibyatangwa n'ibindi bigo by'inguzanyo cyangwa ama-SACCO, cyane cyane niba udakeneye amafaranga byihutirwa.
3. Saba inguzanyo ushobora kwishyura: Ntugasabe amafaranga arenze ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwishyura. Shyira ku murongo ingengo y'imari yawe (budget) urebe neza ko uzabasha kwishyura neza bitagushengereye.
4. Koresha application neza: Menya neza uburyo application ikora, uburyo ubona amakuru y'inguzanyo yawe, n'uburyo ushobora kuvugana n'abakozi babishinzwe mu gihe wagira ikibazo.
5. Jya witegura ibibazo by'ikoranabuhanga: Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rifasha byinshi, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho ibibazo bya tekiniki. Byaba byiza ufashe umwanya uhagije mbere y'uko igihe cyo kwishyura kigera.
6. Uziko nta ngwate isabwa: Kubera ko inguzanyo zitangwa nta ngwate, zishobora kuba zigira inyungu ziri hejuru gato ugereranyije n'izisaba ingwate. Ibi ni ibisanzwe mu bigo by'inguzanyo ntoya.

Muri rusange, Niyo Microloan itanga uburyo bwiza ku Banyarwanda bakeneye inguzanyo ntoya mu buryo bwihuse kandi bworoshye. Gusa, ni ngombwa gukoresha ubwenge no kwitonda mu gufata ibyemezo by'inguzanyo, ugendeye ku bumenyi bwimbitse n'ubushobozi bwawe bw'amafaranga.