Incamake na Amateka ya Yo! Finance mu Rwanda
Yo! Finance yagize ishingiro mu Rwanda nk'ikigo gishinzwe gutanga inguzanyo hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane kuri telefone. Nubwo amakuru amwe n'amwe yayo atarajya ahagaragara neza, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko yashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 2022. Iki kigo cyiyandikishije i Kigali mu Kigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB), nubwo amakuru y'umwirondoro wacyo (nk'uko byaba bimenyerewe) atarashyirwa ahagaragara ku buryo buri wese ayabona. Yo! Finance ifitwe n'abantu ku giti cyabo, ikaba ishyigikiwe n'abashoramari b'ikoranabuhanga mu by'imari bo mu karere ka Afurika y'Uburasirazuba.
Uburyo bw'Ubucuruzi bwa Yo! Finance bushingiye cyane ku gutanga inguzanyo za digital, bikorwa mbere na mbere hifashishijwe porogaramu ya telefone zigendanwa na serivisi ya USSD ku zidakoresha internet. Intego yabo ni ugutanga inguzanyo ntoya z'igihe gito zihuse ku bakozi bahembwa ndetse n'abantu bakorera mu rwego rw'ubukungu rudahwitse (urwa gisirimu), bakenera inguzanyo ziva ku RWF 10,000 kugeza ku RWF 500,000. Nubwo amakuru y'abayobozi bakuru batarajya ahagaragara neza, iki kigo gikomeje kwagura ibikorwa byacyo mu gutanga ubufasha bw'imari ku Banyarwanda.
Ibicuruzwa bya Yo! Finance: Inguzanyo n'Amashimwe
Yo! Finance itanga ubwoko bubiri bw'inguzanyo nyamukuru, zigenewe guhuza n'ubushobozi butandukanye bw'abakiriya:
- Inguzanyo Ntoya Cyane (Nano Loan): Izi ni inguzanyo ziri hagati ya RWF 10,000 na RWF 50,000. Zigenerwa abakeneye amafaranga make mu gihe gito cyane. Igihe cyo kwishyura inguzanyo ntoya cyane kiri hagati y'iminsi 7 na 30.
- Inguzanyo Rusange (Micro Loan): Izi ni inguzanyo ziri hagati ya RWF 50,000 na RWF 500,000. Zagenewe abakeneye amafaranga menshi kurushaho, kandi igihe cyo kwishyura kirekire, kigera ku minsi 90.
Inyungu, Amafaranga y'Inzira, n'Igihe cyo Kwishyura:
Inyungu za Yo! Finance zibarirwa ku kigero cya 0.5% kugeza kuri 1.5% ku munsi. Iki kigero kigaragara kinini, kuko kingana na APR (Annual Percentage Rate) iri hagati ya 182% na 547% ku mwaka, ibi bikaba bisanzwe ku nguzanyo za digital ntoya kandi z'igihe gito. Amafaranga y'Inzira cyangwa ay'Ubugenzuzi yo kugutunganyiriza inguzanyo ashobora kuba hagati ya 5% na 10% y'amafaranga waka. Mu gihe wakererewe kwishyura, Yo! Finance ikubaza amafaranga y'igihe cyarenze angana na RWF 1,000 kugeza kuri RWF 2,000 ku munsi ukererewe. Ikiza ni uko nta mafaranga y'ihazabu ahabwa umukiriya wishyuye inguzanyo ye mbere y'igihe.
Izi nguzanyo zitangwa nta ngwate isabwa. Ahubwo, Yo! Finance ishingira ku buryo bwayo bwihariye bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwishyura, hifashishijwe amakuru ya telefone (nk'uburyo ukoresha amahamagarwa n'ubutumwa bugufi), amateka y'ibyo wakoreye kuri mobile money, ndetse n'amakuru y'ubusabane (social graph) mu gihe bibaye ngombwa. Kwishyura inguzanyo bikorwa rimwe burundu (single balloon payment) binyuze kuri mobile money (MTN MoMo, Airtel Money) cyangwa kohereza amafaranga muri banki.
Uburyo bwo Gusaba Inguzanyo n'Ibyangombwa
Gusaba inguzanyo muri Yo! Finance biroroshye kandi birihuse. Ubu buryo bwose bukorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, nta kigo cyangwa umukozi ugomba kuganira nawe imbonankubone:
- Amashusho y'Ubusabe: Ushobora gusaba inguzanyo hifashishijwe porogaramu ya Yo! Finance kuri telefone ya Android (iboneka kuri Google Play Store, ifite amanota ahagaze neza ya 3.8★) cyangwa ukoresheje code ya USSD ku zidakoresha internet. Kugeza ubu, nta porogaramu ya iOS iboneka.
- Gushyira Mu Gitabo (KYC) n'Ibyangombwa: Uburyo bwo kumenya umukiriya (KYC - Know Your Customer) bukorwa muri digital. Bisaba gusikana Indangamuntu yawe hifashishijwe NFC (iyo telefone yawe ibifitiye ubushobozi), kwemeza nimero ya telefone yawe, ndetse no gufata ifoto ya selfie kugira ngo bagere ku makuru yawe bwite. Ubu buryo bwose bushobora gutwara munsi y'iminota itanu.
- Gupima Ubushobozi bwo Kwishyura: Yo! Finance ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwihariye (proprietary algorithm) bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwishyura. Ubu buryo bushingira ku makuru menshi arimo ibyo ukorera kuri telefone yawe, amateka y'ibyo wakoreye kuri mobile money, ndetse n'amakuru avuye ku basabana nawe (social graph data) iyo wemeye. Ikoresha ubuhanga bwa machine learning kugira ngo igere ku kigero cy'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwishyura, kikaba kigenda kivugururwa bitewe n'uburyo wishyura inguzanyo zawe.
- Gutanga Inguzanyo: Amafaranga y'inguzanyo atangwa ako kanya binyuze kuri mobile money (MTN MoMo cyangwa Airtel Money) cyangwa akoherezwa kuri konti yawe ya banki.
- Gusaba Kwishyurwa: Yo! Finance yohereza ubutumwa bugufi (SMS) ndetse n'ibyibutsa muri porogaramu, bitangira iminsi itatu mbere y'uko inguzanyo igomba kwishyurwa. Bashobora kandi gukuraho amafaranga kuri mobile money yawe ubifitiye uburenganzira. Mu gihe wakererewe kurenza iminsi 15, Yo! Finance ishobora gushyikiriza dosiye yawe ibigo bishinzwe kwishyuza imyenda.
Ikoranabuhanga, Ubuziranenge, n'Umwanya ku Isoko
Yo! Finance yashinze imizi mu ikoranabuhanga rya digital, cyane cyane mu bijyanye na serivisi zitangwa kuri telefone. Porogaramu yabo ya Android, nubwo yonyine kugeza ubu, ifite abagera ku 10,000 bayishyizeho kandi ikora neza mu gufata ibyemezo byihuse ku nguzanyo, gucunga inguzanyo zawe muri porogaramu, no kugufasha gutegura uburyo bwo kwishyura. Iki kigo cyihagije ku rubuga rwa Facebook, ariko nta LinkedIn cyangwa Twitter kigira, bigaragaza ko cyibanda cyane ku bumenyi bw'ibanze mu ikoranabuhanga rya digital.
Mu bijyanye n'aho bakorera, Yo! Finance ikorera mu gihugu hose, ariko yabonye abakiriya benshi i Kigali ndetse no mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo n'iy'Iburasirazuba aho batangiye igerageza. Bagereranya ko bafite abakiriya bagera ku 20,000 na 30,000 bakoresha serivisi zabo buri gihe, cyane cyane abakozi bo mu mijyi bafite hagati y'imyaka 22 na 45.
Imiterere yo Kwemezwa n'Ubuziranenge bw'Ikirere
Yo! Finance ihawe uruhushya na Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR) nk'ikigo cy'imari ntoya (Microfinance Institution). Ibi bivuze ko igengwa n'amabwiriza agenga ibigo by'imari ntoya byashyizweho na BNR. Kugeza ubu, nta makuru y'ihagarikwa cyangwa ibihano byigeze bifatirwa Yo! Finance yashyizwe ahagaragara. Mu bijyanye no kurengera abakiriya, Yo! Finance ivuga ko itangaza neza inyungu n'amafaranga yose asabwa mu gihe cyo gusaba inguzanyo. Abakiriya kandi bafite uburenganzira bwo gusubira ku cyemezo cyo kwaka inguzanyo mu masaha 24 nyuma yo kuyihabwa, ibizwi nka "cooling-off period", mu gihe babonye ko ibyo bemeranyije bitabashimishije.
Aho Yo! Finance Ihagaze ku Isoko
Mu Rwanda, Yo! Finance ni kimwe mu bigo bigera ku 10 bitanga inguzanyo ntoya za digital. Irimbanira n'ibindi bigo nka Jumo, Umurimo Finance, ndetse n'ibigo by'imari ntoya bisanzwe byatangiye gukoresha uburyo bwa digital. Yo! Finance itandukanye n'abanywanyi bayo mu kuba itanga inguzanyo byihuse (mu minota 15 gusa) no kuba yongera inguzanyo ntoya. Mu migambi y'igihe kizaza, Yo! Finance iteganya gushyira hanze porogaramu ya iOS mu mpera za 2025 no gutanga inguzanyo z'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SME loans) zishobora kugera ku RWF miliyoni 2. Ikorana na MTN na Airtel mu gutanga serivisi za mobile money, kandi iri mu igerageza ryo gukorana n'ikigo gishyira hamwe imishahara mu gutanga inguzanyo zishingiye ku mushahara.
Inama z'Ingirakamaro ku Bashaka Kwaka Inguzanyo muri Yo! Finance
Nka mwarimu mu by'imari, ndashishikariza Abanyarwanda gushishoza no gusobanukirwa neza mbere yo kwaka inguzanyo aho ariho hose, harimo na Yo! Finance. Dore inama z'ingirakamaro:
- Soma Umenye Amasezerano: Nubwo Yo! Finance ivuga ko isobanura neza inyungu n'amafaranga y'inzira, ni ngombwa ko wowe ubwawe ubyisomera kandi ukabimenya neza mbere yo gusinya cyangwa kwemera inguzanyo. Menya neza uko inyungu ibarwa, amafaranga yose y'inyongera, n'ibihano byo gutinda kwishyura.
- Igenzure Ubushobozi Bwawe bwo Kwishyura: Inyungu ya buri munsi ishobora kuba nto mu gihe gito, ariko iyo ibarishijwe ku mwaka irahagije. Baza niba koko ushobora kwishyura inguzanyo mu gihe gisabwa utagize ibibazo. Kwaka inguzanyo uzi ko utazayishyura neza bishobora kukubyarira imyenda idashira.
- Koresha Inguzanyo ku Bikenewe: Niba ugiye kwaka inguzanyo, koresha amafaranga mu bikorwa bibyara inyungu cyangwa mu by'ingenzi byihutirwa, nko gutangira ubucuruzi bworoheje, kugura ibikoresho by'akazi, cyangwa kwishyura ibibazo by'ubuzima bitunguranye. Wirinde kwaka inguzanyo ku byo udakeneye cyane.
- Menya Ibigaragara mu Isubiramo ry'Abakiriya: Reba amanota ya porogaramu ya Yo! Finance kuri Google Play Store (ubu ni 3.8★). Abakiriya benshi bashima umwanya wihuse wo gutanga inguzanyo, ariko bamwe bananenga inyungu nyinshi n'ikibazo cyo kuba porogaramu ikora nabi rimwe na rimwe.
- Gereranya n'Abanywanyi: Ntuhite ufata inguzanyo ya mbere ubonye. Gereranya ibya Yo! Finance n'ibindi bigo bitanga inguzanyo za digital mu Rwanda, nka Jumo cyangwa Umurimo Finance, kugira ngo umenye ahari inyungu ntoya cyangwa amasezerano meza.
- Koresha Mobile Money yawe neza: Kubera ko uburyo bwo kwishyura no guhitamo inguzanyo bishingira cyane ku mateka y'ibyo wakoreye kuri mobile money, ni ngombwa kuyikoresha neza kandi ugakora ibikorwa bizima bigaragaza ubushobozi bwawe bw'imari.
Muri rusange, Yo! Finance itanga igisubizo cyihuse kandi cyoroshye ku bakeneye inguzanyo ntoya mu gihe gito. Ariko nk'umuhanga mu by'imari, ndagushishikariza gutegereza, gushishoza no gusobanukirwa neza n'amasezerano mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kwaka inguzanyo, kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka zishobora kukugeraho mu gihe cyo kwishyura.
